Testicular biopsy 

A testicular biopsy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a small sample of tissue from one or both testicles for diagnostic purposes. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis.

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There are two main types of testicular biopsies: needle biopsy and open biopsy. In a needle biopsy, a small needle is inserted through the skin and into the testicle to remove a sample of tissue. In an open biopsy, a small incision is made in the scrotum to remove a larger sample of tissue.

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Testicular biopsies are most commonly performed to diagnose infertility or to investigate the cause of testicular pain or swelling. The samples are examined under a microscope to identify any abnormalities, such as cancer or inflammation.

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Testicular biopsies are generally safe procedures with few risks. However, some potential risks include bleeding, infection, and damage to the testicle or surrounding tissue.

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Overall, a testicular biopsy is a useful diagnostic tool that can provide valuable information about the health of the testicles and the male reproductive system. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of this procedure with a qualified healthcare provider to determine if it is the right choice for an individual's specific situation.